The Potential Unreliability Of Eyewitness Criminology Essay

The Potential Unreliability Of Eyewitness Criminology Essay The possible shakiness of onlooker declaration presents one of the most difficult issues in the organization of criminal equity. Onlooker declaration is significant for legitimate choices. Onlookers are fundamental to most legal disputes (Kebbell Milne, 1999) and observers accounts are the most widely recognized and noteworthy declarations that can possibly fill in as the essential types of proof against a litigant. In addition research shows that members of the jury exaggeratedly accept the declaration of observers and this, can prompt potential premature deliveries of equity (Cutler et al. 1990). The point of this exposition is to research, in view of the writing, the reasons that may impact the memory procedure of observers and furthermore what should be possible so as to guarantee that onlookers declaration worth the worth. Onlooker declaration is a legitimate term and it alludes to a record given by a spectator in the court, who depicts what occurred during a particular episode under scrutiny. This is the essential manner by which the blame of the denounced is set up through verbal observer proof in court. It is viewed as a dependable acknowledged structure that gives proof and members of the jury will in general give close consideration to it. As of late crime scene investigation and therapists pronounce that recollections and individual recognitions are inconsistent, can being effectively controlled and one-sided . Subsequently, incorrect onlookers recognizable pieces of proof can have genuine results prompting incorrectly feelings of blameless individuals (Wells et al., 1998). At the point when logical brain science was in its initial steps, articles about mixed up onlooker recognizable pieces of proof began to show up in the field (Munsterberg, 1908). Nonetheless, onlooker proof has made individuals to think if observers declarations are dependable or not. It would be said however that all individuals have the information that they don't recollect everything, and in this manner they realize that memory can be powerless. Then again it is hard to prevent the significance from claiming onlookers declaration. Examination has indicated that individuals likely rest easy thinking about sentencing a supposed criminal when an observer claims I saw him do it than when there is no such case. The speculation that incorrect observer IDs can prompt the conviction of guiltless individuals is additionally acknowledged by Canadian legitimate experts (Brooks, 1983). DNA testing in the United States has demonstrated that confused onlooker distinguishing pieces of proof are the explanation with more bogus feelings than every other reason joined (Connors et al. 1996). In addition, this announcement about observer misidentifications that is one of the most well-known reasons for unfair feelings ( Rattner, Sagarin, 1986). Borchard revealed that onlooker blunder happened in 45% of 65 instances of improper feelings. Fit (1986) discovered onlooker blunders in about 60% of 500 unjust feelings and Ruttner (1986) inferred that observer mistake happened in 52% of 205 unfair feelings. All these illegitimate feelings considers were led before the innovation of DNA testing. In 1996 an examination which broke down of the use of DNA innovation to scientific issues in the United States, has uncovered some critical realities (Connors, et al., 1996). All the more explicitly 28 men who were seen as blameworthy for different criminal acts were excused through the examination of DNA composing. Observer distinguishing proof was the absolute most regular factor representing these incorrect feelings. Moreover, Wells, et al., (1998) added some more cases to the rundown of DNA-related with bogus recognizable pieces of proof. These cases uncovered that one to up to five onlookers made bogus IDs of blameless suspects. By and by, the onlooker proof was introduced by good natured and sure residents it was exceptionally powerful in any case, simultaneously it was at any rate in part liable for most of unfair feelings. All the more as of late, The Innocence Project announced some noteworthy realities. The Innocence Project is a national case and open approach association devoted to absolving unfairly sentenced people through DNA testing and improving the criminal equity framework to forestall future foul play. The discoveries of this venture show that about 66% of 138 cases where DNA could excuse the denounced, unfairly observer distinguishing proof was included (Wells, 2004). As onlooker concerns the memory procedure it is unquestionable that some memory follow exists and this could have significant ramifications for the course of equity (Wells, 1993). Hardly any individuals would question that human memory is error prone. As per Haber (2000), individuals will in general accept that recollections resemble video recorders that steadfastly record the things that individuals do and replay them back completely later. The truth of the matter is that tangible and perceptual encounters of an occurrence are not recorded in memory along these lines to a tape recorder (Yarmey, 1980). Human memory is built and remade from put away odds and ends of procured data of what really occurred and what an individual intuits, finds from others, or derives must have happened'(Graham, 2008). Following the reconstructive view, memory can be partitioned into three phases: (1) procurement or encoding of data; (2) maintenance or capacity of data after some time; and (3) recovery of put away data through review and acknowledgment. A ton of issues may happen in every one of these three phases. Loftus (1979, 1996) has centered a great deal in these three phases of memory so as to comprehend the issues that may happen and prompt bogus feelings. Along these lines in the principal stage which is encoding, the data initially goes into the recollections. All the more explicitly, if insufficient consideration is paid to what exactly is going on the encoding stage, at that point occasions may not be encoded appropriately. For instance the time allotment an onlooker can see the culprit, will influence the exactness of his/her memory. That is, the more extended an observer can see the culprit, the more will have the option to encode and recover later on the distinguishing proof undertaking. In this way, presentation time is a significant variable that can influences the precision of observer distinguishing proof ( Laugherty et al., 1971). Besides different issues that may impact the encoding stage are the occasion striking nature and the earlier desires for the onlooker. Typically o nlookers give more consideration to certain subtleties than others and furthermore review desire not really reality. Thus they give wrong recognizable pieces of proof (Loftus, 1974). During the second stage which is capacity, individuals keep the data in their recollections to review later. In this stage the variables that may impact the observers declaration are the timeframe or the presentation to new data. For instance observers may peruse another report about the episode, which can influence their unique memory, or if the data is put away for quite a while the normal procedures of overlooking could additionally corrupt the memory. Thus, a few observers are more helpless than other to bogus recollections. Be that as it may, individuals show up increasingly vulnerable to post-occasion data in the event that it happens later in the span before formal recovery (Loftus, 2005). Besides research proposes that observers from each finish of the age range might be less solid on normal tha n those in the middle. For instance, older observers and little youngsters were seen as less fortunate at recognizing outsiders precisely than other age gatherings (Ceci Bruck, 1993). Also, as indicated by Loftus (1974) another explanation that may prompt bogus recollections is the pressure that may analyze various observers. Elevated levels of pressure have been recommended to negatively affect a witnesss capacity to encode and recover data (Kassin et al., 2001). At long last the recovery stage which is the point at which the data is discharged in people groups recollections, maybe as a reaction to addressing, it can make further changes. For instance the manner in which inquiries are posed can contort the first memory or the upsetting condition may forestall exact review. Clinicians recognize two kinds of recovery, review and acknowledgment. Acknowledgment is the place, for instance, an observer may partake in a line-up and inquired as to whether they have seen it previously. What could be compared to these errands is request that the observer depict the speculates appearance or what they were wearing. Review is typically viewed as increasingly troublesome in light of the fact that it includes more phases of handling, confirmation as well as recovery (Kebbell Wagstaff, 1999). Different variables that can prompt improper proof are the certainty that observers may have the distinctive sort of addressing and issues with line-ups. As a matter of first importance certainty ought to consistently be considered while evaluating the danger of misidentification. Examination has indicated that legal advisors when all is said in done acknowledge that sure observers are precise (Leippe, Manion Romanczyk, 1992; Wells et al., 2000). It is recommended that individuals will in general be progressively certain when they are compelled to pick answers which can cause challenges in the criminal continuing (Bornstein Zickafoose, 1999). Additionally severely worded questions, complex sentences and troublesome jargon are on the whole possibly risky for witnesses (Kebell Johnson, 2000). At long last as per Busey and Loftus (2007) there are a few issues with line-ups. These issues may be insufficient coordinated fillers, which implies that the foils don't coordinate the portrayals of the guilty party gave by onlookers, predisposition and oblivious transference which happens when the observer has seen the suspect previously however not understand this. Observer declaration is a point that has a ton of constraints and requirement for additional examination is fundamental. Most of studies intended to evaluate the legitimacy of observer have been directed in research facility and have utilized tapes or live reenactments of wrongdoing occasions. Just a minority of these investigates have been field stu

The Change of Video From Analog to the Digital

DVD is an energizing new innovation due to the accompanying advantages: as long as nine hours of studio-quality video and various channel encompass sound synchronous various language backing and intelligence other computerized video conveyance frameworks, including direct communicate satellite, remote link and advanced link Computerized video changes all parts of video creation. As yet video has been recorded and transmitted as simple electrical framework. Simple video transmitters and collectors can be manufactured reasonably yet are over the top expensive to transmit and store. Additionally, todayâ ¡s solid advanced PCs can't process simple signs, so simple data can't be effortlessly looked, arranged or altered. The difference in video from the simple to the advanced area makes a huge difference. Advanced video can be put away and disseminated more economically than simple, and computerized video can be put away on arbitrarily available media, for example, an attractive circle drive (hard plates), and optical plate media (CDs). At the point when put away on arbitrarily available media, video can be utilized in different applications, for example, games, instruction, preparing, and different applications. Indeed, even films can get intelligent, permitting watchers to choose their perspective, a plot way and the closure. Computerized video additionally fundamentally expands transmission productivity with the goal that correspondences systems, everything from TV frameworks to media transmission satellites, can convey from six to multiple times a greater number of stations of video programming than was conceivable previously, accordingly offering more purchaser decision. The capacity to transmit video over the open telephone system will likewise permit video conferencing, quickening the work at home development that is changing the manner in which individuals are utilized. DVDs can hold 4.7 to 17 billion bytes of computerized information on a 120-mm (4.75 inch) circle. This can mean as long as nine hours of studio quality video and multi-channel encompass sound, profoundly intuitive interactive media PC programs, 30 hours of CD-quality sound, or whatever else that can be spoken to as advanced information. A DVD resembles a CD. It is a shiny platter, 4.75 creeps in width with a gap in the inside. Information is recorded on the plate in a winding path of small pits, and the circles are perused utilizing a laser shaft. DVDs hold more data in light of the fact that the pits are littler and the winding is more tight and can record information in upwards of four layers, two on each side of the circle. Lasers that have a shorter frequency light emission are increasingly exact pointing and centering instruments. These are utilized to peruse the DVDs. Truth be told, the centering system is the innovation that permits information to be recorded in two layers. To peruse the subsequent layer, the peruser centers the laser more profound into the circle, where the second layer of information is recorded. Not exclusively are two-layer plates conceivable, yet twofold sided also. This capacity of four layers gives DVD its 17 gigabyte limit. Since a 135-minute film fits on a solitary DVD layer be that as it may, single-layer DVDs will be the most well-known. Philips was established in 1891 by Gerald Philips in Eindhoven, the Netherlands as a maker of radiant lights and different gadgets. From its little start, Philips has risen as one of todayâ ¡s worldwide pioneers in hardware. As a thirty-nine billion-dollar organization, Philips effectively contends in a wide scope of business sectors, for example, customer items, lighting, semiconductors, proficient items and frameworks. Philips at present has a workforce of more than 250,000. The organization has 243 creation offices dispersed all through twenty-five nations. Philips sells and administrations its items in 150 nations and their stock is exchanged 16 stock trades in nine nations. The organization by and by has seven distinctive item divisions and one hundred organizations in esteem based serious investigation. Philips positioned first worldwide in lighting, shading picture cylinders, shavers, and correspondence hardware. They are second in laser optics and screens. The organization is third among customer hardware and clinical envisioning gear. To keep up authority in worldwide markets through advancement, Philips reinvests 5.3% of its deals into innovative work and has inquire about research centers in six nations. Through its dedication in investigate, Philips has thought of in any event ten thousand creations in field of optical account, computerized sound coding, advanced video coding and portable communication. The organization is a holder of 60,000 licenses and configuration rights and very nearly 30,000 trademarks enrollments. Philips has key licenses in optical chronicle (CD-Audio, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-Video, DVD-ROM), computerized sound coding (MPEG-2 sound pressure) and portable communication (GMS and CDMA). Philips Magnavox was shaped in 1974 when the two organizations chose to unite. Alongside the Philips brand, there are a few other name brands including, however not restricted to, Marantz and Norelco. Philips Magnavox discharged the DVD400AT video player on April 30, 1997 at a retail cost of $549. The new gadget takes into consideration more extravagant sound and video quality that was found  ¡V up to that point  ¡V just in cinemas. In 1960 Akio Morita started Sonyâ ¡s first major abroad endeavor in the United States in New York City with a capital speculation of $500,000. They utilized six individuals at first however would develop into perhaps the biggest segment of Sonyâ ¡s overall activities. At present, Sony Electronics, Inc. in North America has 33% of Sonyâ ¡s corporate resources around the world. They are the biggest geological activity of the company. They rake in some $9.6 billion deals on a given year and generally $1.3 billion in sends out. The North American plants utilize a sum of 24,000 individuals whose activity go from assembling to client assistance to innovative work and advertising and deals. During the 1995 Consumer Electronics appear, Sony appeared the main model DVD player in the United States. On January 8, 1997, Sony Electronics discharged their first DVD player at a retail cost of about $1,000  ¡V a major distinction from todayâ ¡s $400 sticker price. John Briesch, President of Sony Electronics A/V Group stated,  ¡Ã‚ §We have planned our first DVD player, model DVP-S7000, as a top of the line item to convey reference-standard DVD video quality, yet cutting edge CD sound as well.â ¡ Panasonic brought its first items into the U.S. showcase in 1961. The organizer of its parent organization  ¡V Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Co.  ¡V Konosuke Matsushita accepted that  ¡Ã‚ §Matsushita makes individuals before it makes products.â ¡ He essentially accepted that esteeming workers initially would prompt better quality items. It appears that his replacements have done his vision on the grounds that Panasonic keeps on selling top notch items in the U.S. what's more, abroad. The organization as of now utilizes 19,500 individuals in processing plants, deals organizations, administration focuses and examine offices in the U.S., Puerto Rico, Mexico and Canada. Divx is the most recent innovation to reform DVD players. Divx films are equal with film rentals in the sense they can be seen for a set timeframe (48 hours from the hour of the underlying playing). In contrast to customary film rentals, Divx doesnâ ¡t have any late expenses attached to the cost. Also, there are no late night outings to the video store to bring motion pictures back. A Divx film costs a normal of $4.50, which incorporates an underlying survey time of forty-eight hours from the hour of squeezing the play button. After that time is up, an extra forty-eight hours can be bought for $3.25. It is done through the inner modem to a 800 number and data is transferred back to the CD on an extremely little chip. This can be rehashed as regularly as the client likes. Likewise, an individual may choose a film on Divx merits looking out for and over. During this case, a Dixv can be changed over into a film that has boundless playing time and resembles an ordinary DVD film. Mechanical and social/social movements: With the coming of the DVD, an ever increasing number of information can be put away on a solitary circle. Furthermore, the DVD is unquestionably more intelligent than the conventional VHS tape. For instance, on a DVD at least two dialects can be put away. That couldnâ ¡t occur on a VHS tape on account of restricting chronicle time. Moreover, individuals donâ ¡t need to go out to watch a DVD. With the crisis of web based business on the Internet an individual can arrange a film off of the web and have it conveyed to the front entryway inside days. This detracts from the social cooperation with individuals that happens in a store setting. Individuals can utilize the DVD to become familiar with another dialect. Take for example a DVD that has genius French-Canadian Celine Dion singing her different tunes. One choice in the program is to change the verses that are shown on the screen to French. As Celine Dion sings in English, the words coordinating up to what she is singing are shown on the base of the screen. This is a great method to gain proficiency with another dialect. There are a wide range of ways that are presently being created to copyright secure the motion pictures, projects and recordings and so on that are on the new DVDs. The three most basic ways that were seen as utilized as of now to secure DVDs are: Regional coding, Content scrambling framework and the Copy age the board framework (CGMS). At the point when you purchase your first DVD drive and introduce it, you presently need to enter the zone in which you live. The world is separated into six segments, with Canada and the United States as zone 1. The DVD circle additionally has its own codes that permit it to be played in specific pieces of the world and not in others. This powers individuals that purchase DVD circles in Zone 1 to likewise need to use plates that are coded for Zone 1. This restricts motion pictures that are created in different Zones from being utilized where they ought not be. The code can anyway be changed on your DVD drive. The code must be changed multiple times, accordingly restricting individuals from changing the code constantl

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Deferred Applicant Recommendations

Deferred Applicant Recommendations January 13 Deferred applicants should not be doing nothing. They should be proactive (photo credit: David Emmerman). Weve got some deferred applicant recommendations for the readers of our college admissions blog who happened to be deferred at their Early Decision or Early Action school.  Now is not the time to do nothing. Maybe youve moved on from thinking about your dream college. Maybe you really wanted to go to Cornell. Perhaps you dreamed of taking a swim in Cayuga Lake or eating their fabulous food (its absolutely the best campus food of any college in the nation and as it should be with the Cornell School of Hotel Administration and all). And now youre just trying to think about other things. Maybe youre trying to replace those thoughts with thoughts of climbing Mount Moosilauke at Dartmouth or going to a Duke basketball game as a Cameron Crazy. Now that would be fun! But college admissions isnt dating. You need to move on but dont move on entirely. After all, what good comes from moving on entirely? A clear head? Sure, thats nice. But there is still a shot you can get in to the school that deferred you Early. You were not denied admission. You were deferred. So swallow your pride, dream about other schools, but still pursue trying to gain admission to the school that deferred you. That means that you should write a very powerful letter of enthusiasm to that school, letting them know why you should earn admission, what you can add to the community, what you love about the school, etc. Your letter of enthusiasm should not simply reiterate what was on the rest of your application. It should not be a slightly different version of your other college admissions essays. it must be different. It must be moving. There was a reason you were deferred and werent admitted so youve got to shine here. And, yes, we sure do help students craft incredibly powerful letters of recommendation so if youre in this boat, click on our orange button and sign up for a free consultation today. Is writing a letter of enthusiasm all you should be doing if youre deferred? No. Check back to our blog to find out what else you should be doing to turn that deferral into an offer of admission. Yes, it can happen. It happens to applicants every year.

The Importance of Motivation in Business - 1662 Words

Motivation is one of the most important factors in managing a successful business. Motivation is needed for employees to reach their potential. Many people say that no one can motivate another person, but what they mean is that motivation is found only within that person (Mosley Jr, Mosely Sr. and Pietri 195). Motivation is defined as giving of reason to act or the act of giving somebody a reason or incentive to do something. Managers and supervisors would like to attempt to give their workers an incentive to perform their best. What are the ways managers and supervisors can motivate their employees? There are three levels of motivation and each level determines how much motivation an employee contains (Mosley Jr, Mosely Sr. and Pietri 198). The first level is the direction the employee behaves or what desirable way the employee behaves. The Second level is how hard the individual works to perform that behavior. 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(Stevenson, 2012) Operations involves leading within several operational duties such as: service design, process selection, selection and management of technology, design of work systems, location planning, facilities planning, and quality improvementRead MoreBusiness Management : Motivation Theories Analysis Paper1384 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Management (Motivation Theories Analysis Paper) By Ethan Cole Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.0 Motivation Types†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2.0 Motivational Theories†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....2.1 Investigation into Workplace Satisfaction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3.0 Evaluation of Performance Pay / Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4.0 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5.0 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5Read MoreBusiness Environment Past Papers1115 Words   |  5 PagesUnit Title: Introduction to Business Guided Learning Hours: 100 Level: Level 4 Number of Credits: 12 Learning Outcome 1 The learner will: Understand the objectives of a business, what resources they need and to whom they are accountable. 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Hate Crimes And The Response Of Law Enforcement Officers...

The phrase â€Å"Hate Crime† rose to prominence in the 1980s, in an attempt to describe crimes against someone based on their race or religion. These crimes were motivated, at least in part and sometimes in entirety, by bias against African Americans and Jews. Since that time, the term has expanded to include illegal acts against a person, organization, and their property based on the criminal’s bias against the victim’s minority class. These minority classes include race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, disability, or gender reassignment. These are specific crimes because not only are they crimes against someone, they are committed based on who someone is (Martin 1996). This paper will discuss the history of hate crimes and the response of law enforcement officers to hate crimes. While hate crime is a fairly new label for a crime, the existence of hate crimes has been present since the early days of the United States. Throughout US history, murders, assaults, and destruction of property has occurred against African Americans, American Indians, Irish immigrants, Asian Americans, Latino’s, gays, the mentally handicapped, and all other groups of minorities. Since the terrorist attacks on 9/11, there has been an increase in racial based attacks against those of Middle Eastern descent, whether they are Muslim or not. Of all of these, African Americans are subjected to the highest number of hate crimes (Martin 1996), with Muslims, homosexuals, and transgendered people onShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Of American Citizens1325 Words   |  6 Pagescitizens, effects on the lives of children, and the misconducted investigations set those officers who committed the crime free. The criminal justice system needs to be reformed, because too many unarmed citizens are losing their life to law enforcements and those responsible are not being prosecuted properly. 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When people hear the term â€Å"police misconduct† they automatically think of a police officer using unnecessary force against a civilian. While that is a form of police misconduct it is not only form. Throughout this paper I will bring light to the many types of police misconduct that can happen in the law enforcement industry. While being a police officer, you haveRead MorePolice And Diversity 202 By Vincent Del Castillo Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesLaws, policing, communities, and relationships, are constantly shifting. In this course, Police and Diversity 202, with professor Vincent Del Castillo, we’ve explored the pervasive influences and shifts of interactions between law enforcement and diverse groups. In the 21st century factors such as culture, race, ethnicity, stereotypes, and technology, have become so complex in how it affects the relationship between police officers and the community. 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Nervous System Essay Example For Students

Nervous System Essay Nervous SystemThe two types of the nervous system are the Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. They are responsible for integrating, processing, and coordinating Sensory data and motor commands the central nervous system, which interprets sensory input and carry information to maintain homeostasis. CNS cant be regenerate because a CNS consists of the spinal cord that mean if its break the spinal cord is break also. The peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord. It is a thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cord. The PNS can be regenerate and it will regrow. The brain and spinal cord are the main parts of the nervous system. The brain controls every part of your body and is located top of our head inside our skull. The spinal cord with controls our movement. Nerve cells contain 3 parts: dendrites, cell body and the axon. Dendrite is the receiving part of the neuron. It is a short extension of the c ell bodyAnd send signals toward the cell body and the cell body conducts nerve impulses which in the transmission of the nerve impulses from the region to the other cell. The axon is a single extension carries the message to the next neuron, which controls all of the nerves. The nerve impulse is response of the neuron. There are 3 classes of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. Neurons are also called nerve cells. A sensory neuron takes information from a receptor to the CNS. A motor neuron takes information away from the CNS. An interneuron transfer information between neurons in the CNS. It also sending out signal to the muscles resulting in contraction or movement. Nerves impulse occurs when an action potential changes rapidly. When action potential occurs, the sodium gates will open as Na+ flowing into the axon the changes from -65mV to +40mV, this is call depolarization and during repolarization the charge as k+exits the axon from +40 mV to -65mV. Synapse is where each axon bulb lies very close to dendrite of another neuron. A molecules transmit across a synapse is called neurotransmitters which are stored in synapse. Our brain belongs to the section of the CNS. It made up of 3 main parts, which are cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. Cerebrum is to control voluntary action: 5senses, movement and thinking. Cerebellum is to maintain normal muscle tone, posture and balance. Brainstem is to control the involuntary action: breathing, sleeping and heartbeat. Words/ Pages : 419 / 24