The Potential Unreliability Of Eyewitness Criminology Essay

The Potential Unreliability Of Eyewitness Criminology Essay The possible shakiness of onlooker declaration presents one of the most difficult issues in the organization of criminal equity. Onlooker declaration is significant for legitimate choices. Onlookers are fundamental to most legal disputes (Kebbell Milne, 1999) and observers accounts are the most widely recognized and noteworthy declarations that can possibly fill in as the essential types of proof against a litigant. In addition research shows that members of the jury exaggeratedly accept the declaration of observers and this, can prompt potential premature deliveries of equity (Cutler et al. 1990). The point of this exposition is to research, in view of the writing, the reasons that may impact the memory procedure of observers and furthermore what should be possible so as to guarantee that onlookers declaration worth the worth. Onlooker declaration is a legitimate term and it alludes to a record given by a spectator in the court, who depicts what occurred during a particular episode under scrutiny. This is the essential manner by which the blame of the denounced is set up through verbal observer proof in court. It is viewed as a dependable acknowledged structure that gives proof and members of the jury will in general give close consideration to it. As of late crime scene investigation and therapists pronounce that recollections and individual recognitions are inconsistent, can being effectively controlled and one-sided . Subsequently, incorrect onlookers recognizable pieces of proof can have genuine results prompting incorrectly feelings of blameless individuals (Wells et al., 1998). At the point when logical brain science was in its initial steps, articles about mixed up onlooker recognizable pieces of proof began to show up in the field (Munsterberg, 1908). Nonetheless, onlooker proof has made individuals to think if observers declarations are dependable or not. It would be said however that all individuals have the information that they don't recollect everything, and in this manner they realize that memory can be powerless. Then again it is hard to prevent the significance from claiming onlookers declaration. Examination has indicated that individuals likely rest easy thinking about sentencing a supposed criminal when an observer claims I saw him do it than when there is no such case. The speculation that incorrect observer IDs can prompt the conviction of guiltless individuals is additionally acknowledged by Canadian legitimate experts (Brooks, 1983). DNA testing in the United States has demonstrated that confused onlooker distinguishing pieces of proof are the explanation with more bogus feelings than every other reason joined (Connors et al. 1996). In addition, this announcement about observer misidentifications that is one of the most well-known reasons for unfair feelings ( Rattner, Sagarin, 1986). Borchard revealed that onlooker blunder happened in 45% of 65 instances of improper feelings. Fit (1986) discovered onlooker blunders in about 60% of 500 unjust feelings and Ruttner (1986) inferred that observer mistake happened in 52% of 205 unfair feelings. All these illegitimate feelings considers were led before the innovation of DNA testing. In 1996 an examination which broke down of the use of DNA innovation to scientific issues in the United States, has uncovered some critical realities (Connors, et al., 1996). All the more explicitly 28 men who were seen as blameworthy for different criminal acts were excused through the examination of DNA composing. Observer distinguishing proof was the absolute most regular factor representing these incorrect feelings. Moreover, Wells, et al., (1998) added some more cases to the rundown of DNA-related with bogus recognizable pieces of proof. These cases uncovered that one to up to five onlookers made bogus IDs of blameless suspects. By and by, the onlooker proof was introduced by good natured and sure residents it was exceptionally powerful in any case, simultaneously it was at any rate in part liable for most of unfair feelings. All the more as of late, The Innocence Project announced some noteworthy realities. The Innocence Project is a national case and open approach association devoted to absolving unfairly sentenced people through DNA testing and improving the criminal equity framework to forestall future foul play. The discoveries of this venture show that about 66% of 138 cases where DNA could excuse the denounced, unfairly observer distinguishing proof was included (Wells, 2004). As onlooker concerns the memory procedure it is unquestionable that some memory follow exists and this could have significant ramifications for the course of equity (Wells, 1993). Hardly any individuals would question that human memory is error prone. As per Haber (2000), individuals will in general accept that recollections resemble video recorders that steadfastly record the things that individuals do and replay them back completely later. The truth of the matter is that tangible and perceptual encounters of an occurrence are not recorded in memory along these lines to a tape recorder (Yarmey, 1980). Human memory is built and remade from put away odds and ends of procured data of what really occurred and what an individual intuits, finds from others, or derives must have happened'(Graham, 2008). Following the reconstructive view, memory can be partitioned into three phases: (1) procurement or encoding of data; (2) maintenance or capacity of data after some time; and (3) recovery of put away data through review and acknowledgment. A ton of issues may happen in every one of these three phases. Loftus (1979, 1996) has centered a great deal in these three phases of memory so as to comprehend the issues that may happen and prompt bogus feelings. Along these lines in the principal stage which is encoding, the data initially goes into the recollections. All the more explicitly, if insufficient consideration is paid to what exactly is going on the encoding stage, at that point occasions may not be encoded appropriately. For instance the time allotment an onlooker can see the culprit, will influence the exactness of his/her memory. That is, the more extended an observer can see the culprit, the more will have the option to encode and recover later on the distinguishing proof undertaking. In this way, presentation time is a significant variable that can influences the precision of observer distinguishing proof ( Laugherty et al., 1971). Besides different issues that may impact the encoding stage are the occasion striking nature and the earlier desires for the onlooker. Typically o nlookers give more consideration to certain subtleties than others and furthermore review desire not really reality. Thus they give wrong recognizable pieces of proof (Loftus, 1974). During the second stage which is capacity, individuals keep the data in their recollections to review later. In this stage the variables that may impact the observers declaration are the timeframe or the presentation to new data. For instance observers may peruse another report about the episode, which can influence their unique memory, or if the data is put away for quite a while the normal procedures of overlooking could additionally corrupt the memory. Thus, a few observers are more helpless than other to bogus recollections. Be that as it may, individuals show up increasingly vulnerable to post-occasion data in the event that it happens later in the span before formal recovery (Loftus, 2005). Besides research proposes that observers from each finish of the age range might be less solid on normal tha n those in the middle. For instance, older observers and little youngsters were seen as less fortunate at recognizing outsiders precisely than other age gatherings (Ceci Bruck, 1993). Also, as indicated by Loftus (1974) another explanation that may prompt bogus recollections is the pressure that may analyze various observers. Elevated levels of pressure have been recommended to negatively affect a witnesss capacity to encode and recover data (Kassin et al., 2001). At long last the recovery stage which is the point at which the data is discharged in people groups recollections, maybe as a reaction to addressing, it can make further changes. For instance the manner in which inquiries are posed can contort the first memory or the upsetting condition may forestall exact review. Clinicians recognize two kinds of recovery, review and acknowledgment. Acknowledgment is the place, for instance, an observer may partake in a line-up and inquired as to whether they have seen it previously. What could be compared to these errands is request that the observer depict the speculates appearance or what they were wearing. Review is typically viewed as increasingly troublesome in light of the fact that it includes more phases of handling, confirmation as well as recovery (Kebbell Wagstaff, 1999). Different variables that can prompt improper proof are the certainty that observers may have the distinctive sort of addressing and issues with line-ups. As a matter of first importance certainty ought to consistently be considered while evaluating the danger of misidentification. Examination has indicated that legal advisors when all is said in done acknowledge that sure observers are precise (Leippe, Manion Romanczyk, 1992; Wells et al., 2000). It is recommended that individuals will in general be progressively certain when they are compelled to pick answers which can cause challenges in the criminal continuing (Bornstein Zickafoose, 1999). Additionally severely worded questions, complex sentences and troublesome jargon are on the whole possibly risky for witnesses (Kebell Johnson, 2000). At long last as per Busey and Loftus (2007) there are a few issues with line-ups. These issues may be insufficient coordinated fillers, which implies that the foils don't coordinate the portrayals of the guilty party gave by onlookers, predisposition and oblivious transference which happens when the observer has seen the suspect previously however not understand this. Observer declaration is a point that has a ton of constraints and requirement for additional examination is fundamental. Most of studies intended to evaluate the legitimacy of observer have been directed in research facility and have utilized tapes or live reenactments of wrongdoing occasions. Just a minority of these investigates have been field stu

The Change of Video From Analog to the Digital

DVD is an energizing new innovation due to the accompanying advantages: as long as nine hours of studio-quality video and various channel encompass sound synchronous various language backing and intelligence other computerized video conveyance frameworks, including direct communicate satellite, remote link and advanced link Computerized video changes all parts of video creation. As yet video has been recorded and transmitted as simple electrical framework. Simple video transmitters and collectors can be manufactured reasonably yet are over the top expensive to transmit and store. Additionally, todayâ ¡s solid advanced PCs can't process simple signs, so simple data can't be effortlessly looked, arranged or altered. The difference in video from the simple to the advanced area makes a huge difference. Advanced video can be put away and disseminated more economically than simple, and computerized video can be put away on arbitrarily available media, for example, an attractive circle drive (hard plates), and optical plate media (CDs). At the point when put away on arbitrarily available media, video can be utilized in different applications, for example, games, instruction, preparing, and different applications. Indeed, even films can get intelligent, permitting watchers to choose their perspective, a plot way and the closure. Computerized video additionally fundamentally expands transmission productivity with the goal that correspondences systems, everything from TV frameworks to media transmission satellites, can convey from six to multiple times a greater number of stations of video programming than was conceivable previously, accordingly offering more purchaser decision. The capacity to transmit video over the open telephone system will likewise permit video conferencing, quickening the work at home development that is changing the manner in which individuals are utilized. DVDs can hold 4.7 to 17 billion bytes of computerized information on a 120-mm (4.75 inch) circle. This can mean as long as nine hours of studio quality video and multi-channel encompass sound, profoundly intuitive interactive media PC programs, 30 hours of CD-quality sound, or whatever else that can be spoken to as advanced information. A DVD resembles a CD. It is a shiny platter, 4.75 creeps in width with a gap in the inside. Information is recorded on the plate in a winding path of small pits, and the circles are perused utilizing a laser shaft. DVDs hold more data in light of the fact that the pits are littler and the winding is more tight and can record information in upwards of four layers, two on each side of the circle. Lasers that have a shorter frequency light emission are increasingly exact pointing and centering instruments. These are utilized to peruse the DVDs. Truth be told, the centering system is the innovation that permits information to be recorded in two layers. To peruse the subsequent layer, the peruser centers the laser more profound into the circle, where the second layer of information is recorded. Not exclusively are two-layer plates conceivable, yet twofold sided also. This capacity of four layers gives DVD its 17 gigabyte limit. Since a 135-minute film fits on a solitary DVD layer be that as it may, single-layer DVDs will be the most well-known. Philips was established in 1891 by Gerald Philips in Eindhoven, the Netherlands as a maker of radiant lights and different gadgets. From its little start, Philips has risen as one of todayâ ¡s worldwide pioneers in hardware. As a thirty-nine billion-dollar organization, Philips effectively contends in a wide scope of business sectors, for example, customer items, lighting, semiconductors, proficient items and frameworks. Philips at present has a workforce of more than 250,000. The organization has 243 creation offices dispersed all through twenty-five nations. Philips sells and administrations its items in 150 nations and their stock is exchanged 16 stock trades in nine nations. The organization by and by has seven distinctive item divisions and one hundred organizations in esteem based serious investigation. Philips positioned first worldwide in lighting, shading picture cylinders, shavers, and correspondence hardware. They are second in laser optics and screens. The organization is third among customer hardware and clinical envisioning gear. To keep up authority in worldwide markets through advancement, Philips reinvests 5.3% of its deals into innovative work and has inquire about research centers in six nations. Through its dedication in investigate, Philips has thought of in any event ten thousand creations in field of optical account, computerized sound coding, advanced video coding and portable communication. The organization is a holder of 60,000 licenses and configuration rights and very nearly 30,000 trademarks enrollments. Philips has key licenses in optical chronicle (CD-Audio, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-Video, DVD-ROM), computerized sound coding (MPEG-2 sound pressure) and portable communication (GMS and CDMA). Philips Magnavox was shaped in 1974 when the two organizations chose to unite. Alongside the Philips brand, there are a few other name brands including, however not restricted to, Marantz and Norelco. Philips Magnavox discharged the DVD400AT video player on April 30, 1997 at a retail cost of $549. The new gadget takes into consideration more extravagant sound and video quality that was found  ¡V up to that point  ¡V just in cinemas. In 1960 Akio Morita started Sonyâ ¡s first major abroad endeavor in the United States in New York City with a capital speculation of $500,000. They utilized six individuals at first however would develop into perhaps the biggest segment of Sonyâ ¡s overall activities. At present, Sony Electronics, Inc. in North America has 33% of Sonyâ ¡s corporate resources around the world. They are the biggest geological activity of the company. They rake in some $9.6 billion deals on a given year and generally $1.3 billion in sends out. The North American plants utilize a sum of 24,000 individuals whose activity go from assembling to client assistance to innovative work and advertising and deals. During the 1995 Consumer Electronics appear, Sony appeared the main model DVD player in the United States. On January 8, 1997, Sony Electronics discharged their first DVD player at a retail cost of about $1,000  ¡V a major distinction from todayâ ¡s $400 sticker price. John Briesch, President of Sony Electronics A/V Group stated,  ¡Ã‚ §We have planned our first DVD player, model DVP-S7000, as a top of the line item to convey reference-standard DVD video quality, yet cutting edge CD sound as well.â ¡ Panasonic brought its first items into the U.S. showcase in 1961. The organizer of its parent organization  ¡V Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Co.  ¡V Konosuke Matsushita accepted that  ¡Ã‚ §Matsushita makes individuals before it makes products.â ¡ He essentially accepted that esteeming workers initially would prompt better quality items. It appears that his replacements have done his vision on the grounds that Panasonic keeps on selling top notch items in the U.S. what's more, abroad. The organization as of now utilizes 19,500 individuals in processing plants, deals organizations, administration focuses and examine offices in the U.S., Puerto Rico, Mexico and Canada. Divx is the most recent innovation to reform DVD players. Divx films are equal with film rentals in the sense they can be seen for a set timeframe (48 hours from the hour of the underlying playing). In contrast to customary film rentals, Divx doesnâ ¡t have any late expenses attached to the cost. Also, there are no late night outings to the video store to bring motion pictures back. A Divx film costs a normal of $4.50, which incorporates an underlying survey time of forty-eight hours from the hour of squeezing the play button. After that time is up, an extra forty-eight hours can be bought for $3.25. It is done through the inner modem to a 800 number and data is transferred back to the CD on an extremely little chip. This can be rehashed as regularly as the client likes. Likewise, an individual may choose a film on Divx merits looking out for and over. During this case, a Dixv can be changed over into a film that has boundless playing time and resembles an ordinary DVD film. Mechanical and social/social movements: With the coming of the DVD, an ever increasing number of information can be put away on a solitary circle. Furthermore, the DVD is unquestionably more intelligent than the conventional VHS tape. For instance, on a DVD at least two dialects can be put away. That couldnâ ¡t occur on a VHS tape on account of restricting chronicle time. Moreover, individuals donâ ¡t need to go out to watch a DVD. With the crisis of web based business on the Internet an individual can arrange a film off of the web and have it conveyed to the front entryway inside days. This detracts from the social cooperation with individuals that happens in a store setting. Individuals can utilize the DVD to become familiar with another dialect. Take for example a DVD that has genius French-Canadian Celine Dion singing her different tunes. One choice in the program is to change the verses that are shown on the screen to French. As Celine Dion sings in English, the words coordinating up to what she is singing are shown on the base of the screen. This is a great method to gain proficiency with another dialect. There are a wide range of ways that are presently being created to copyright secure the motion pictures, projects and recordings and so on that are on the new DVDs. The three most basic ways that were seen as utilized as of now to secure DVDs are: Regional coding, Content scrambling framework and the Copy age the board framework (CGMS). At the point when you purchase your first DVD drive and introduce it, you presently need to enter the zone in which you live. The world is separated into six segments, with Canada and the United States as zone 1. The DVD circle additionally has its own codes that permit it to be played in specific pieces of the world and not in others. This powers individuals that purchase DVD circles in Zone 1 to likewise need to use plates that are coded for Zone 1. This restricts motion pictures that are created in different Zones from being utilized where they ought not be. The code can anyway be changed on your DVD drive. The code must be changed multiple times, accordingly restricting individuals from changing the code constantl

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Deferred Applicant Recommendations

Deferred Applicant Recommendations January 13 Deferred applicants should not be doing nothing. They should be proactive (photo credit: David Emmerman). Weve got some deferred applicant recommendations for the readers of our college admissions blog who happened to be deferred at their Early Decision or Early Action school.  Now is not the time to do nothing. Maybe youve moved on from thinking about your dream college. Maybe you really wanted to go to Cornell. Perhaps you dreamed of taking a swim in Cayuga Lake or eating their fabulous food (its absolutely the best campus food of any college in the nation and as it should be with the Cornell School of Hotel Administration and all). And now youre just trying to think about other things. Maybe youre trying to replace those thoughts with thoughts of climbing Mount Moosilauke at Dartmouth or going to a Duke basketball game as a Cameron Crazy. Now that would be fun! But college admissions isnt dating. You need to move on but dont move on entirely. After all, what good comes from moving on entirely? A clear head? Sure, thats nice. But there is still a shot you can get in to the school that deferred you Early. You were not denied admission. You were deferred. So swallow your pride, dream about other schools, but still pursue trying to gain admission to the school that deferred you. That means that you should write a very powerful letter of enthusiasm to that school, letting them know why you should earn admission, what you can add to the community, what you love about the school, etc. Your letter of enthusiasm should not simply reiterate what was on the rest of your application. It should not be a slightly different version of your other college admissions essays. it must be different. It must be moving. There was a reason you were deferred and werent admitted so youve got to shine here. And, yes, we sure do help students craft incredibly powerful letters of recommendation so if youre in this boat, click on our orange button and sign up for a free consultation today. Is writing a letter of enthusiasm all you should be doing if youre deferred? No. Check back to our blog to find out what else you should be doing to turn that deferral into an offer of admission. Yes, it can happen. It happens to applicants every year.

The Importance of Motivation in Business - 1662 Words

Motivation is one of the most important factors in managing a successful business. Motivation is needed for employees to reach their potential. Many people say that no one can motivate another person, but what they mean is that motivation is found only within that person (Mosley Jr, Mosely Sr. and Pietri 195). Motivation is defined as giving of reason to act or the act of giving somebody a reason or incentive to do something. Managers and supervisors would like to attempt to give their workers an incentive to perform their best. What are the ways managers and supervisors can motivate their employees? There are three levels of motivation and each level determines how much motivation an employee contains (Mosley Jr, Mosely Sr. and Pietri 198). The first level is the direction the employee behaves or what desirable way the employee behaves. The Second level is how hard the individual works to perform that behavior. 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(Stevenson, 2012) Operations involves leading within several operational duties such as: service design, process selection, selection and management of technology, design of work systems, location planning, facilities planning, and quality improvementRead MoreBusiness Management : Motivation Theories Analysis Paper1384 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Management (Motivation Theories Analysis Paper) By Ethan Cole Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.0 Motivation Types†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2.0 Motivational Theories†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....2.1 Investigation into Workplace Satisfaction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3.0 Evaluation of Performance Pay / Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4.0 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5.0 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5Read MoreBusiness Environment Past Papers1115 Words   |  5 PagesUnit Title: Introduction to Business Guided Learning Hours: 100 Level: Level 4 Number of Credits: 12 Learning Outcome 1 The learner will: Understand the objectives of a business, what resources they need and to whom they are accountable. Assessment Criteria The learner can: 1.1 Define and show an understanding of the important business terms related to corporate objectives. Indicative Content 1.1.1 Define and show an understanding of the terms ‘corporate aims’, ‘corporate objectives’Read MoreMotivation To Improve Performance Through Employee Involvement.1571 Words   |  7 Pages Motivation to Improve Performance through Employee Involvement Charlese Mason Leadership and Organizational Behavior; 520 Dr. Laura Jones Strayer University February 13, 2017 Content 1 Introduction (Motivation through Involvement) 2 The Important Road Ahead (Optimizing Value and Performance) A. What is Motivation B. What is Employee Involvement 3 Leading Characteristics (Management Styles/Organizational Behavior) A. Understanding the Sticks and Carrots

Hate Crimes And The Response Of Law Enforcement Officers...

The phrase â€Å"Hate Crime† rose to prominence in the 1980s, in an attempt to describe crimes against someone based on their race or religion. These crimes were motivated, at least in part and sometimes in entirety, by bias against African Americans and Jews. Since that time, the term has expanded to include illegal acts against a person, organization, and their property based on the criminal’s bias against the victim’s minority class. These minority classes include race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, disability, or gender reassignment. These are specific crimes because not only are they crimes against someone, they are committed based on who someone is (Martin 1996). This paper will discuss the history of hate crimes and the response of law enforcement officers to hate crimes. While hate crime is a fairly new label for a crime, the existence of hate crimes has been present since the early days of the United States. Throughout US history, murders, assaults, and destruction of property has occurred against African Americans, American Indians, Irish immigrants, Asian Americans, Latino’s, gays, the mentally handicapped, and all other groups of minorities. Since the terrorist attacks on 9/11, there has been an increase in racial based attacks against those of Middle Eastern descent, whether they are Muslim or not. Of all of these, African Americans are subjected to the highest number of hate crimes (Martin 1996), with Muslims, homosexuals, and transgendered people onShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Of American Citizens1325 Words   |  6 Pagescitizens, effects on the lives of children, and the misconducted investigations set those officers who committed the crime free. The criminal justice system needs to be reformed, because too many unarmed citizens are losing their life to law enforcements and those responsible are not being prosecuted properly. Cincinnati police beat black man to death, â€Å" An unarmed black man was fatally beaten by six police officers in Cincinnati, Ohio early Sunday morning, reviving popular anger over police brutalityRead MoreImproving The Decision Making Process798 Words   |  4 Pagesbe clear about the role of diversity in the nominating process in state statutes; (4) keep the application and interviewing process transparent; (5) train commissioners to be effective recruiters and nominators; (6) appoint a diversity compliance officer or ombudsman; (7) create diverse commissions by statute; (8) maintain high standards and quality; (9) raise judicial salaries; and (10) improve record keeping (p. 3). Appointing minorities and females to the U.S. bench will increase public confidenceRead MorePolice misconduct essay1038 W ords   |  5 Pagesperformed by a law enforcement officer that is unethical by established employment guidelines, unconstitutional, or a crime with in itself. When people hear the term â€Å"police misconduct† they automatically think of a police officer using unnecessary force against a civilian. While that is a form of police misconduct it is not only form. Throughout this paper I will bring light to the many types of police misconduct that can happen in the law enforcement industry. While being a police officer, you haveRead MorePolice And Diversity 202 By Vincent Del Castillo Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesLaws, policing, communities, and relationships, are constantly shifting. In this course, Police and Diversity 202, with professor Vincent Del Castillo, we’ve explored the pervasive influences and shifts of interactions between law enforcement and diverse groups. In the 21st century factors such as culture, race, ethnicity, stereotypes, and technology, have become so complex in how it affects the relationship between police officers and the community. Police Officers in America face diverse individualsRead MoreInterview Of A Patrol Officer1407 Words   |  6 Pagesa Patrol Officer Jeanie C. Johnson Faulkner University MJA – 5340 Policing in America May 6, 2016 Abstract An examination of the patrol officer’s jobs and duties took place. The gathering of information and interviewing a seasoned patrol offer assisted in this examination. The city in which the patrol officer works is also studied. Research of the city of Hueytown’s population and history helped to understand the demographics and crime within the city. While Hueytown’s violent crimes are low, theftsRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of Police Schools1726 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Dilemmas of Police in Schools Mark A. Birmingham East Stroudsburg University APA 6th. â€Æ' Abstract This paper will discuss the various ethical dilemmas facing school resource officers (SRO). This will include problems with 4th amendment protections of students, interviews and interrogations of juveniles, as well as, privacy issues expected by students and faculty. Other issues to be will also address two sociological theories, the Self Efficacy and the Modeling theory. I will also discussRead MoreHate Crime And The United Kingdom3275 Words   |  14 PagesWhilst hate crime has been represented in the media and legislation for many years, particularly in the US, definitions of the term have been transient and changing. The Home Office issued a report in 2013 which demonstrated to both the public and law enforcement officials the most recent formal definition of ‘hate crime’ in the United Kingdom: â€Å"any criminal offence which is perceived, by the victim or any other person, to be motivated by a hostility or prejudice towards someone based on a personalRead MoreHo w Trump And His Appointments Will Bring A New Era Of Racism Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesHow Trump and his appointments will bring a new era of racism, hate and discrimination to the United States. Although his victory was considered unlikely by pre-election forecasts, by early morning November 9, 2016, Donald J Trump was projected to obtain over 270 electoral votes, making him the new president elect of the United States. The election was described by news organizations as a complete â€Å"shock†, with the New York Times calling it a â€Å"once-unimaginable scenario.† Donald Trump will be theRead MorePolice Discretion Essay2798 Words   |  12 Pagesbeen debated for many years is that of police discretion. Police discretion is defined as the ability of a police officer, a prosecutor, a judge, and a jury to exercise a degree of personal decision making in deciding who is going to be charged or punished for a crime and how they are going to be punished. This basically is saying that there are situations when these law enforcement officers have to use their own personal beliefs and make choices coming from their own morals and ethics. The subject ofRead MoreThe Pol ice Criminal Intelligence Bulletin1705 Words   |  7 Pagesto be a constant fear or looking over one’s shoulder so that the gang will not hurt them or a family member. Gang Control Strategies To control gangs, law enforcement agencies have used preventive approaches, including community organization, social intervention, opportunity provision, suppression and organizational change (Spergel, 1990). Not unlike the ones that were talked about earlier. Suppression has historically been a major strategy used by police and involves targeting gang leaders and

Nervous System Essay Example For Students

Nervous System Essay Nervous SystemThe two types of the nervous system are the Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. They are responsible for integrating, processing, and coordinating Sensory data and motor commands the central nervous system, which interprets sensory input and carry information to maintain homeostasis. CNS cant be regenerate because a CNS consists of the spinal cord that mean if its break the spinal cord is break also. The peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord. It is a thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cord. The PNS can be regenerate and it will regrow. The brain and spinal cord are the main parts of the nervous system. The brain controls every part of your body and is located top of our head inside our skull. The spinal cord with controls our movement. Nerve cells contain 3 parts: dendrites, cell body and the axon. Dendrite is the receiving part of the neuron. It is a short extension of the c ell bodyAnd send signals toward the cell body and the cell body conducts nerve impulses which in the transmission of the nerve impulses from the region to the other cell. The axon is a single extension carries the message to the next neuron, which controls all of the nerves. The nerve impulse is response of the neuron. There are 3 classes of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. Neurons are also called nerve cells. A sensory neuron takes information from a receptor to the CNS. A motor neuron takes information away from the CNS. An interneuron transfer information between neurons in the CNS. It also sending out signal to the muscles resulting in contraction or movement. Nerves impulse occurs when an action potential changes rapidly. When action potential occurs, the sodium gates will open as Na+ flowing into the axon the changes from -65mV to +40mV, this is call depolarization and during repolarization the charge as k+exits the axon from +40 mV to -65mV. Synapse is where each axon bulb lies very close to dendrite of another neuron. A molecules transmit across a synapse is called neurotransmitters which are stored in synapse. Our brain belongs to the section of the CNS. It made up of 3 main parts, which are cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. Cerebrum is to control voluntary action: 5senses, movement and thinking. Cerebellum is to maintain normal muscle tone, posture and balance. Brainstem is to control the involuntary action: breathing, sleeping and heartbeat. Words/ Pages : 419 / 24

Profession of Arms

Table of Contents Introduction The Profession of Arms Conclusion References Introduction The US army has been performing magnificently on and off the field. At the same time, the army has developed up to date skills and technology that have enabled it to stand at an advantage over its enemies and other forces of danger.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Profession of Arms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to this fact, the US army has been regarded as one of the best armies in the world. Despite all this, the army that is operational at the present moment is somewhat different from the army that the country had before the year 2001 (Dempsey, 2011). For the last ten years, a lot of factors have changed in the army. During this time, the army has lost some of its tradition and skills; factors that used to make the army to be effective and efficient in its operations (Dempsey, 2010). At the same time, the train ing that is offered to the soldiers is also different. There are some key elements that are not included during the recruitment process. As a result, the army has always been in transition. It keeps on concentrating on developments that will enable it to cope with change. In the process, it has lost its original skills. Although the army has been performing well, several considerations need to be done to ensure that the army regains the skills that it has lost. This essay therefore discusses these issues into details and explains their importance in the army. The Profession of Arms The US army serves to protect the nation against any form of danger. This includes natural disasters, attacks by foreign nations or terrorists and any other catastrophic events. It works to protect the constitution of the United States of America together with its citizens within and outside the country (Dempsey, 2011). To achieve all this, the army has to act in a professional manner. However, the profes sion that the army displays is different from that of other careers. The army unlike many other professions assumes limited liability. This means that they put their lives at risk to ensure that they achieve the goals and objectives of their mission. The army therefore is authorised to ethically apply land combat power while serving under the authority of civilians to secure the country from any danger.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The culture of the US army has developed for over two decades. It represents a historical development that has grown in times of peace and combat, ups and down. The culture of the US army has been based on discipline, value-based leadership and professional ethics (Dempsey, 2011). However, for the last ten years, this culture has been changing drastically. The army is now putting a lot of emphasis on effectiveness and efficiency while neglecting its his tory and culture that has enabled it grow for the last two decades. Due to this fact therefore, the army is slowly deviating from its profession of arms. To curb this predicament, several amendments need to be made. First, the army needs to stick to its values and ethics. It has to act in accordance to the rules and regulations that have been set by the armed forces. Secondly, the army needs to come up with a strategy that will utilize its traditional and current skills especially in training. This mix will make the army to be in accordance with the profession of arms and achieve its set goals and objectives. Conclusion Despite the success that the US army is currently enjoying, it needs to incorporate some of its traditional knowledge and skills that have been slowly eroded for the last ten years. This will ensure that the army has a mix of traditional and up to date skills, a combination that will increase its effectiveness and efficiency. As a result, the army will continue to se rve its purpose in a more professional manner. References Dempsey, M. E. (2010). The Profession of Arms 2010. Web. Dempsey, M. E. (2011). The Profession of Arms 2011: The Profession After Ten Years of Persistent Conflict. Web. This essay on Profession of Arms was written and submitted by user Kailynn Reeves to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Robert Merton Theory Essay Example

Robert Merton Theory Essay Example Robert Merton Theory Paper Robert Merton Theory Paper It is rightfully argued that crime, whether or not in a contemporary society, is an extremely complex and multi-faceted Phenomena that has puzzled academics for many years. Theories that aim to rationalise the causes of crime and understand the origin of criminal behaviour are often criticised for being too biased or deterministic in their research studies. Many have been of great influence and seen to explain (to an extent) the cause of crime but none has fully decoded the mystery of why people commit crime. Mertons anomie theory aimed at explaining deviance from a ociological perspective as opposed to previous academic theories on crime and criminals. The first well known study of crime and criminals is that of one who is often referred to as the father of criminology, Cesar Lombroso. Lombrosos argument was based around the Darwinian theory of human evolution and his theory argued that criminals were a throw back to an earlier period of human progression. In other words, they were less evolved humans, with visible physical features such as large ears and big lips. His theory suggested that criminals were born and not made therefore, where genetically prone to criminality. Mertons argument was to the contrary. Rather than observing the individual criminal as being subhuman, he questioned societies influence on the individual. In his 1968 book, Merton argued that it no longer appears to be so obvious that man is set against society in an unceasing war between biological impulse and social restraint. The image of man as an untamed bundle of impulses begins to look like a caricature rather than a portrait. Sociological theories on crime and deviance, have always disagreed with the idea of biology being the cause of societies problems and thus, would rather emphasize the nfluence of external societal factors on the causes of crime. Individual differences are often disputed or ignored, and the explanation of the overall collective behaviour is seen to correlate with the influence of institutions. Being a sociologist, Mertons Anomie (or strain) Theory also attempts to rationalise and understand crime from such a social perspective. In his theory, which, is an adaptation of Durkheims earlier theory of anomie, Merton suggests that for most, deviance and criminality does not stem from pathological personalities but from the culture and structure of society itself2. Mertons strain theory is an adaptation of Durkheims earlier theory of anomie, which described a period of normlessness when the general value consensus was lost and people didnt know the parameters of acceptable behaviour. Unlike Durkheim however, Merton argued that anomie was not brought about by a sudden social change but by a society which assigns the same goals to all its members but affords them unequal opportunities to attain these goals. For Merton, irrespective of the role of biological impulses, there still remained the further question of why it is hat the frequency of deviant behaviour varies within different social structures and how it happens that the deviations have different shapes and patterns in different social structures. The new adapted theory employs this functionalist idea of social norms and values and suggests that people become deviant when they cannot fulfil societies expected of success through the normal, accepted, legal channels such as education, talent and hard work. Being an American sociologist, Merton utilized the idea of the idea of the American dream to illustrate his theory. Contemporary American culture appears to approximate the polar type in which great emphasis upon certain success goals occurs without emphasis upon institutional means. -Merton 1968 According to the American dream, everyone in the American society is equal as created by God. They all have not only the right, but the opportunity and ability to achieve great financial success through hard work and dedication. Mertons theory was simple- people are bombarded with such high expectations and strain is put upon them by society to succeed. Such success is measured by financial achievements and material wealth. The American dream states that everyone has the capability to own a Cadillac and a Beverly Hills mansion. but little attention is given to the accepted institutionalised means of gaining them. Some are capable of achieving such success through the socially accepted means but due to the problem of societal inequality (observably, race and gender discrimination), not all will be given the opportunity to achieve such goals. Some that cant achieve these set goals in the legal way, will turn to illegal alternatives. Merton understood the importance of individual differences however and importantly oted the fact that not everyone that was unable to achieve societys goals through the accepted means turned to deviance. His primary aim therefore, was to understand why some people conformed to the socially accepted methodology and others didnt, or became deviant. People react to societies strains in different ways and for Merton, these individual differences could be summed up in 5 groups; conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. Individuals who fall under the conformity genre accept both the goals as well as the set methods for achieving those goals. They are the academics and those who follow the required means of achieving success. They may not always achieve the American dream but they reach a level of self sustenance which is respected. Those who are classed in Mertons innovation concept, are creators or innovators. Although they are unable to achieve societal goals through the set means, they accept the goals but invent their own means of achieving them, often illegal ways. In ritualism, individuals abandon the goals they once believed to be within their reach and dedicate themselves to their current lifestyle. They play by the rules and have a aily safe routine. Retreatism is the reaction of those who reject both the goals and the means of achieving such goals. They often retreat into the world of alcoholism and drug addiction. They escape into a non-productive, non-striving lifestyle. Finally, rebellion is the mode in which individuals not only reject the required goals and accepted means but alienate themselves from them. They seek to create a society where a closer correspondence will be made between merit, effort and reward. The main part of Merton theory that relates to crime and criminal behaviour is his Innovators strata. This is where Merton highlights the origin of modern day criminality in the western world thus this will be the main focus of this essay. Innovators, as stated above, are those who invent their own (illegal) means of achieving societys success. They are the fraudsters, drug dealers, muggers, embezzlers and even white collar criminals. It is agreeable that many monetary crimes are committed due to financial reward and his theory carries its greatest strength in its explanation of economic and white collar crime. Merton argued that the idea of the skys the limit encourage people hat already have wealth to continue to seek more. This is also seen in large corporations where businesses are expected to continue to make a profit and the businessmen cross the blurred line of what is and isnt legal in corporate finance. They become innovators as they try to find ways to improve their businesses. Indeed, this applies equally well to Britain, especially in light of the competitive market created by Thatcher in the `80s. However, where Mertons theory succeeds in explaining crime for economic gain, it fails in its explanation of other ypes of crime which are widespread in the UK. A research study that supports an element of Mertons theory is that of John M. Hagedorn. In his 1987 study entitled Homeboys, Dope fiends, Legits and New Jacks, Hagedorn interviewed 47 members of 19 Milwaukee male and female gangs. Although Merton fails to address gang crime in his theory, this study shows some understanding of anomie. The drug dealers and criminals in the gang claimed society had failed them through racism and discrimination. The only way to make a good living according to the gang members, was from the streets.

PPP answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PPP answers - Essay Example Each subsequent slide is clear in handling just one sub-topic relevant to financial analysis. When each slide depicts a single sub-topic, the presenter manages to show the distinction in each step. Good flow and articulation of points from one sub-topic to the other is evident. The second aspect the power point presentation is that slides clearly express what McKesson Corporation presenter intends to convey. The slides directly focus on the financial analysis and emphasizes on key information. Graphical representations mainly have color variations that show audience the differences in lines used for each variable. MCK, for instance, is outstanding in red color. Consequently, audience can easily make a comparison and relate variables in the graph. In addition, related variables occupy one slide for easy comparison. For example, variables of profitability such as Return on equity, Gross profit margin and Return on total assets have one slide for an easy relationship. Another outstanding quality observed is that the slides do not contain unnecessary clipart and unuseful generic photographs. The third aspect is that presenter has remained careful enough to avoid redundancy at the expense of precision in his power point presentation by not using obvious remarks. PowerPoint presentation has carefully avoided overused business terms. Use of new uncommon business terms help audience to avoid getting bored and presentation becoming monotonous. The power point presentation of McKesson Corporation, however, has excess information in every slide apart from the first two. As a result, it becomes difficult for audience to retrieve vital information during the presentation. Moreover, some of the audiences fail to see clearly the contents of power point slides. Small texts in the slides may disadvantage those audiences with blurred vision and shortsightedness. When preparing the slides, information in each of them should not be too many that

Historical Timeline and Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Historical Timeline and - Essay Example 1856: Sacking of Lawrence - The Sacking of Lawrence event occurs on May 21 in Lawrence, Kansas where devastating vandalism was done by pro-slavery supporters in order to put pressure on the territory to vote to support ownership of slaves. 1857: Dred Scott v Sanford - Dred Scott v Sanford is heard in front of the Supreme Court where Dred Scott sues for his freedom based on the premise that he was transported into areas that did not allow slavery so his ownership was therefore invalid. The court decides that 1857: Economic Depression - Economic depression affects the North more than the South, hurting the Democratic Party and setting up the Republican Party for further support and creating a foundation for the election of Abraham Lincoln. 1859: Harpers Ferry Armory - On October16 John Brown leads a raid on the Harpers Ferry Armory in order to arm slaves and create an army sweeping through Virginia and picking up slaves along the way, depleting Virginia of its slaves. The intent was to use the weapons only for defense, but the raid began with bloodshed and was ultimately unsuccessful. As a result of the raid, John Brown was executed by hanging. 1860: Republican Victory - Republican Abraham Lincoln is elected as the 16th President of the United States with only 40% of the vote in a four way contest fueled by the divide between the North and the South. The American Civil War began in 1861 after a series of economic issues, combined with the highly emotional and volatile results of the issue of slavery, resulted in the secession of seven states after the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. There were several specific events that created the political environment that would become ripe for the divide. Economic factors that were different in the North than in the South created resentments that caused the initial rift between the two areas of the country. Both the pro-slavery and

An investigation into the use of science by one environmental advocacy Assignment

An investigation into the use of science by one environmental advocacy body in relation to environmental issues - Assignment Example The memorandum also concerns about how to guide the human beings for understanding the responsibility to prevent the world from the dangerous interferences of the environment change. Though every government of the industrialised nations had agreed to take adequate measures by setting specific targets as well as timetables for the reduction of carbon-dioxide emission along with other greenhouse gases but such initiatives have not resulted in any concrete outcomes as the entire world is witnessing an escalation of varied critical environmental concerns day-by-day (Hohnen, n.d.). Therefore, with regard to this booming issue, Greenpeace, a non-profit organisation has devoted its activities in order to improve as well as preserve the ecology of the planet as well as environment (Greenpeace, 2013). The objective of the report is to measure the contribution to debate on climate change by Greenpeace and to critically assess the connection between its values and interests, its advocacy positi ons and its use of science. Contribution of Greenpeace to Debate on Climate Change Greenpeace is a globally recognised non-profit organisation that executes passive actions to reduce the prevalent threats to environment. Greenpeace aims to shield as well as conserve the environment through promoting peace by revealing, investigating as well as confronting ecological abuses. The organisation has driven its initiatives by holding a lot of conferences challenging the political as well as trade along with industry powers that are being involved in performing certain detrimental activities for the environment. Greenpeace is the voice of millions of followers worldwide who are environmentally as well as socially responsible for the current as well as future generation. In addition, for inspiring the whole world regarding the concern about environmental cleanliness, the organisation has highlighted various issues through media releases, meetings, by organising petitions as well as through its websites among others. In 1992, after the contractual signature of the FCCC, the head of Greenpeace science team named Dr. Leggett wrote a book on the causes as well as consequences of the climate change. Along with it, Dr. Leggett also conducted meetings with numerous industrialists for sharing the assessment of climate science as well as its implications. In this context, Greenpeace acquires massive affirmative responses from insurance industry for starting the scientific reinforcement through evaluating the risk to the future world. In terms of involvement, the organisation continuously raises its voice against Canada for protecting the Arctic from oil spills. The oil companies always endeavour to demonstrate political power and impulsively pollute water as well as air that are threatening people’s conventional way of existence. Besides, Greenpeace also makes constructive approaches in order to reduce the scientific chemical hazards that fatally harm the ecology of the world. Standing on this solemn situation of the globe, the organisation has promoted a lot of pertinent policies for eliminating the bane of such critical

play :: essays research papers

Characters: Jessica Berman-(Main Character) Recently started smoking pot and kind of paranoid. Smart girl, 17 year old senior in high school, as far as her parents can tell she is a good girl, she has never gotten into trouble in her entire life. Marissa Kramer- an aged veteran in the pot scene. She is outgoing, wild and carefree. 20 years old, a sophomore in college and her parents are well aware, but not approving of all of her bad habits. Mary Flood- Police officer, Obviously the one in charge, training her new partner what to do. Brian Luckman- The actual arresting officer. New to the job, not quite confident in himself; on the quieter side. Andrew Berman-Jessica’s father. Pretty strict but does not often yell Jonathan Kramer- Marissa’s father, a bit mean spirited, likes to joke a lot, but has a bad temper. Scene 1: Characters-Jessica, Marissa and Mary Setting- Glencoe Police Station, The two girls have been arrested for possession of marijuana Mary: Ok girls.... (All three girls giggle) Mary: I’m going to take care of a few things, I’ll be right back. Mary gathers the papers in her hands and leaves the room Marissa: She is so nice! Jessica: I know, I wonder if maybe she’ll just let me stay here for a night Marissa: I’m sure it could be arranged, do you mind if I ask why though? Jessica: I just am thinking it would have to be the safest place for me once my parents find out.. It can’t be so bad, free food, a place to sleep. The clothing isn’t that great, but I’m sure eventually I would adjust. Marissa: Yeah, that’s a good plan, I’m sure a little north shore girl like you could last 10 minutes in prison. Jessica: Hey, I could too. How hard could it really be? Marissa: Haven’t you ever seen Oz? Jessica rolls her eyes at Marissa Marissa: What! I was kidding! Jessica: This is really neither the time nor the place. Marissa: Sorry... (mumbles) just trying to ease the tension Mary walks back into the room with a phone in her hand Mary: Here Jessica, you want to try your parents again? Mary hands Jessica the phone Jessica: Thanks. Everyone pauses a second as we wait for Jessica’s parents to answer the phone, however, she cannot get a hold of them Jessica: No one’s home Mary: Do they have a cell phone you could try them on? Jessica: Yeah, one sec. Everyone pauses again as Jessica once again tried to contact her parents.

ICT History

There has been a general concern in the public about how ICT in the early years was like in terms of the facilitators that were being used by the people so that they could pass information as well as communicate with one another. The effects of these modes of communication such as delayed information and also possibilities in alteration of the message have all been central focus by the public so as to make a remarkable development in the areas where these modes of communication failed. People are geared to developing new technology that will fully replace the information and communicating technology that was used in the early days. The modern technology will see the production of very fast, effective, as well as reliable tools of communication such as telex, telephones, telegram as well as the internet. This are of is important to research on since the knowledge of information and communication is the backbone of technology. Human being are able to continue with life because they communicate to one another so that they can help reach solutions to problems. Business industry which is the chief sustainers of the economy of each country is only able to succeed through ensured constant flow of information. Delayed information in the early years led to so many effects on the people. For example, people could die on their way to medicine men just because of lack of good communication means that could be fast enough to reach these healers who some times could treat a person in his/her home area. The study is timely especially in the advent of stiff growth of information communication technology. The investigation into existence of information and communication technology in early years will provide crucial information and data to decision and policy makers who will in turn use the results to come up with new policies which will trigger the invention of new and fast as well as effective ways of communicating. 1. 3Limitations of the study. The study will be limited in that it shall draw a lot from existing data much of which may not be reliable. It also expected that lack of previous research in the field might also pose challenges to the researcher. In addition, there may be false information from some people who do not have any idea on the modes of communication that were used during the early years. This may lead to unreliable results and hence reluctance in settling for inventions and innovations of more advanced technology. Literature review. During the early days ICT was also used in various ways by the people. Agriculture was the first technology to be adopted by man followed by writing (Pemberton & Shurville 2000p. 56-67). Fire was very much used as a means of communication whereby it was so slow in passing the information to the targeted individuals or groups. Use of smoke, wild creatures like birds and also whistling were among the most used means of passing information. In addition, communication was very much essential among the people and it was affected by songs, dances as well as poetry where information was conveyed through how these activities were performed (Rahtz , 1987p. 1-20)). Drums were also used in passing information and they also facilitated the performance of dances. According to Watts, and Lloyd, (2004p. 103), all humans were hunters and gatherers. This provoked the existence of so many massagers who made the passage of information from one person to another quite easy since most of the people were mobile. People during these days relied so much on local technology like manufacturing of tools as well as weapons, cutting and digging tools such as axes and hoes since they relied heavily on agriculture. These tools were made from iron, bronze or copper metals since they were thought to be resistance to rusting. According to Chambers and Davies (2001p. 12-16)), ship technology was on rise and people used simple constructed ships to cross the oceans and communicate with people of different boundaries and countries. This required one to have knowledge about the currents in the ocean, star maps as well as weather patterns. The growth of early information and communication technology was facilitated by the remarkable revolution of agriculture, which enabled people to begin permanent settlements and stop migrations. Most people also stopped the hunting and gathering activities and settled for agriculture and this saw consolidated efforts in working to improve the Information and communication sector. These early modes of communication were very much unreliable since they were slow. For example, use of people as agents of passing information was very unreliable method because alterations of the content of the message was possible. The messages were also liable to failure to reach their destination or face a lot of mis-reporting. Early information and communication technology was generally poorly developed but as people continued evolving, information and communication technology as well began to expand since people began to do some inventions on this sector. People invest heavily on this area since they saw its importance and the impacts it had to their lives. Early information and communication technology had also many advantages to the people. Through ICT in the early days, people were able to convey important messages that helped them to understand one another other and also helped them to establish good relationships (Riley,1995p. 8-104). It is also through information and communication technology that people were able to learn for example through writing on stones which later developed to more satisfactory learning ways like writing on books. Writing materials also evolved in the same line, from metallic instruments that were used for writing on stones to pencils and biros that are even used in modern s ociety for writing on books. Information and communication in early days have been compared to today’s Information and communication technology and quite remarkable differences have been marked. The modern ICT is actually very appreciated for its satisfaction of people’s needs since it’s the modes of passing the information are very fast. No delays of message failures that may lead to adverse effects of the people. Methodology: The study will interview several individuals whose conducts and addresses will be obtained from the ICT office. A total of 50 randomly selected people will be interviewed. What makes this study unique is that the people who shall answer the survey will be drawn from various states using a randomized sampling approach. The researcher will utilize the survey method in which questionnaires and interviews will be used as data collection instruments. Analysis. Significance tests will be performed on all relationships and only those with statistical significance will be presented here. Qualitative data analysis will be involved and the data gathered in the data collection will be analyzed using statistical software called SPSS in order to arrive at findings. Conclusion. It is very important for people to know where to base their activities or innovations. It is only through this that people are able to know where to begin and what to aim at achieving. This research study will be successful only if the modes of communication that were used in the early days as well as their effects that they had to the people are known. It is through this knowledge that innovations and production of new modes of communication that are fast and effective enough, with more advantageous factors to the people will be invented. These modes are even thought to be more powerful than the telephones, telegrams, computers as well as the Internet. This will really be a tremendous improvement and technology advancement.

Othello by William Shakespeare - 1056 Words

Othello What is the most important trait in a healthy relationship? The romance? The dates? The sweet words? No. It is the trust. If there is no trust between lovers then the hope of a stable relationship is absolutely impossible. This brings us to our main lovers, Othello and Desdemona. Though in the beginning their love felt sweeter than a meringue; jealousy reared its ugly head and consumed Othello, making him believe his wife to be unfaithful. But mere jealousy alone was not the only cause for the demise of what Othello and Desdemona had. Iago was the match that sparked the forest fire, meaning Iago was the beginning of it all. But why was Othello so quick to believe him? The reason for Othello believing in Iagos dishonest words so quickly was because to Othello, Iago was a trustworthy and honest man, Iago planted seeds of doubt in Othellos mind, and because Othello cares more for restoring his status and honor rather than believing his own wife; this is important because it brings up t he question whether Othello truly loved Desdemona. Iago had the perfect mask of an honest and trustworthy man, making Othello falling prey to his lies. Othello was gullible and lacked experience with women, Iago knew this, which made it much easier to make Othello trust him whole heartedly to the point of believing every word Iago said. Iago portrays himself as a righteous and good man by telling Othello,O wretched fool, that livst to make thine honesty a vice! O monstrousShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the han dkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change to ward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of som eones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Othello† is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a